A survey to your Egg Creation and High quality With regards to the Years off Five Italian Poultry Dual-Goal Purebred Hens Reared Outside
The start of egg laying to own hens was affected by genotype, nutritional human body standing and ecological criteria. Regional types (light eggshell breeds-Padovana and you may Polverara; shaded eggshell types-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and Robusta Lionata) regarding the Veneto area, from inside the Northern Italy, was basically reared outdoors regarding spring season (6 weeks old; 6 WA) in order to trip and you may cold weather. The newest onset of laying ranged depending on the breed (22–twenty eight WA): only the shaded eggshell breeds come installing at the conclusion of summer/start of fall, in the exposure from a decreasing pure photoperiod, and the egg manufacturing survived for most months. In the 38 WA, artificial white was slowly put in the newest photoperiod to track down 14L:10D, as well as 42 WA, the six breeds was indeed installing. To own hens reared external, relations certainly one of environment, human body times and nutritional standards should be considered. The knowledge with the energetic produce and you will eggs quality of the brand new local reproduce hens are helpful to your management of the birds and for an acceptable supply of egg, for field as well as for brooding year round.
Conceptual
The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>
step one. Addition
Throughout the last few ages, interest in twin-goal chicken types has been broadening, both for biodiversity and you can moral concerns. Because of the advances inside the hereditary developments for yield results inside hybrid hens done-by a number of breeding businesses all around the world , biodiversity is among key principles of durability to possess food and agriculture . The ethical impact on animal welfare is actually a further very important question, and that takes into account not only the fresh rearing requirements of one’s birds however, as well as their management. The males away from eggs coating hybrids is actually slain after hatching, as they do not carry out the practical increases and you can slaughtering quality questioned into the industry . Furthermore, crossbreed broilers Bulgariska kvinnlig show of numerous bodily issues, which do not allow them to has sufficient better-are requirements, and you may totally free-diversity rearing possibilities are growing because they succeed chickens to better inform you their natural conduct [step 3,4]. Inside Italy, brand new Veneto part has a lengthy tradition away from chicken breeding, several poultry types have been in existence for most many years, plus in the middle of the past century, particular twin-objective purebreds manufactured having fun with white- and you may brown-eggshell breeds . The initial character one to differentiates the new types, centered on the source, ‘s the colour of brand new eggshell, as the chicken genotypes features a special phylogenetic origin, that have advanced independently throughout the insane Gallus genus just after domestication, and several system features disagree between the two. Following classification recommended because of the Ghigi, when you look at the 1905, the brand new domestic poultry types are going to be put into about three teams, based on their morphological, biological and you may useful functions . There are breeds, that are such as crazy Gallus genus, exhibiting very early development and sexual maturity and you can a high production of eggs that have white eggshells. To the contrary, discover breeds very unlike crazy Gallus , demonstrating postponed increases and you may sexual maturity, lower egg creation with brown eggshells, and, throughout the 3rd classification, you can find advanced types, known as twin-purpose breeds, and this reveal intermediate qualities, with additional similarity into types from the very first or 2nd group . Actually, it is known that the types producing egg with light eggshells enjoys looks progress, a great metabolic reputation and you will structure far more suitable for highest egg creation than brownish eggshell types. Which psychological standing, really displayed because of the light eggshell hybrids [seven,8], demonstrates that the fresh new mineral intake is used for many of one’s skeletal and muscle growth until the start of laying then utilized for eggs production, to prevent battle into used nourishment between system innovation and you will eggs development. More recently, degree, predicated on SNP array, genotyped of many poultry types and hybrids throughout the world to evaluate the fresh hereditary range ranging from and during the communities for the active handling of chicken hereditary info [nine,10]. Differences in hereditary diversity during the population were shown amongst the extremely picked commercial layer traces and lots of African, Southern Western and lots of local Western and you may Eu types , as well as some Italian types .
